OB-GYNs play a critical role in women’s healthcare, providing care for reproductive health, pregnancy, childbirth, and a wide range of gynecologic conditions. Short for obstetrician-gynecologist, OB-GYNs are trained in both obstetrics and gynecology, allowing them to care for patients through every stage of life.
From preventive screenings and prenatal care to fertility treatment and surgery, OB-GYNs help patients manage both routine and complex health concerns.

What Is the Difference Between Obstetrics and Gynecology?
Although commonly grouped together, obstetrics and gynecology focus on different areas of women’s health.
Obstetrics
Obstetrics focuses on pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum care. OB-GYNs monitor both the mother and baby throughout pregnancy and manage labor and delivery, including cesarean sections when necessary.
Gynecology
Gynecology focuses on the female reproductive system and related health conditions. OB-GYNs diagnose and treat issues involving the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and hormonal health.
Services Provided by OB-GYNs
OB-GYNs provide a wide range of preventive, diagnostic, and surgical services.
Preventive Care
Routine preventive care may include:
- Pap smears
- Pelvic exams
- STI testing
- Breast exams
- Birth control counseling
- Menopause management
These screenings help identify health concerns early and support long-term reproductive health.
Pregnancy and Prenatal Care
OB-GYNs provide care throughout pregnancy, including:
- Prenatal visits
- Ultrasounds
- Monitoring fetal development
- Managing high-risk pregnancies
- Labor and delivery care
- Postpartum support
Many OB-GYNs also coordinate care with specialists when pregnancy complications arise.
Surgical Procedures
OB-GYNs are trained to perform a variety of surgical procedures, including:
- Cesarean sections
- Hysterectomies
- Laparoscopic procedures
- Fibroid removal
- Pelvic floor repair
Some physicians also specialize in minimally invasive gynecologic surgery and fertility procedures.
OB-GYN Subspecialties
Many OB-GYNs pursue additional fellowship training in specialized areas of women’s healthcare.
Maternal-Fetal Medicine
These physicians specialize in high-risk pregnancies and complex maternal health conditions.
Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility
These specialists diagnose and treat infertility and may perform procedures such as IVF and egg retrieval.
Gynecologic Oncology
Gynecologic oncologists treat cancers affecting the female reproductive system, including ovarian, cervical, and uterine cancers.
Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery
These specialists focus on pelvic floor disorders, incontinence, and reconstructive procedures.
When Should You See an OB-GYN?
Women should establish care with an OB-GYN during adolescence and continue routine visits throughout adulthood.
Patients commonly see an OB-GYN for:
- Annual well-woman visits
- Pregnancy care
- Menstrual concerns
- Pelvic pain
- Fertility challenges
- Menopause symptoms
- Urinary or pelvic floor issues
Regular visits can help detect health concerns early and support long-term wellness.
Becoming an OB-GYN
Becoming an OB-GYN requires extensive education and clinical training.
The process typically includes:
- Four years of medical school
- Four years of OB-GYN residency training
- Board certification exams
- Ongoing continuing medical education
Some physicians pursue additional fellowship training in subspecialty areas.
Why OB-GYNs Remain in High Demand
OB-GYN continues to be one of the most essential physician specialties in healthcare. Growing demand for women’s healthcare services, physician shortages in some regions, and increasing access to reproductive and prenatal care continue driving recruitment needs nationwide.
OB-GYN physicians may work in:
- Hospitals and health systems
- Private practices
- Academic medical centers
- Women’s health clinics
- Fertility centers
- Telehealth settings
As healthcare continues evolving, OB-GYNs remain central to providing preventive, surgical, and pregnancy-related care for patients across all stages of life.
Clint Rosser is the Chief Client Officer of PracticeMatch. He has been with PracticeMatch since 2016. He has overseen several departments within PracticeMatch, including Inside Sales, Career Fairs, and the Client Services team. Clint, along with his team, has helped elevate PracticeMatch client services to move past a transactional vendor relationship to a full partnership with clients. This has allowed PracticeMatch to build stronger relationships and work with clients closer to ensure they can achieve the most ROI possible.